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本文目錄概覽：

• 1、沖壓模具設(shè)計與制造用英語怎么翻譯



• 2、中文翻譯成英文 關(guān)于模具類
• 3、急求?。?！沖壓模具英文翻譯 要原文20000字符以上！！
• 4、有關(guān)沖壓模的介紹 英文為主的 英文1W5千字符一上 最好有中文對照 有中文對照的追加積分
• 5、求外文翻譯

沖壓模具設(shè)計與制造用英語怎么翻譯

沖壓模具設(shè)計與制造應(yīng)翻成：

The design and manufacturing of stamping dies

翻譯中首先翻設(shè)計與制造，然后再翻沖壓模具。

沖壓模具在英文里有幾種翻法：dies；Stamping die; Stamping tool; Stamping dies光是翻die或dies容易混淆，因為die是模子的總稱，拉絲模，擠塑模都可以用die，所以還是翻成stamping die比較好，但在整篇文章中，多次出現(xiàn)的話就簡化用die也可以。

中文翻譯成英文 關(guān)于模具類

中文翻譯成英文 關(guān)于模具類

Bar

Shaft

P-wave reflection method

The end of the workpiece wave

Engine oil

Testing the direction of

關(guān)于兩句中文翻譯成英文

I hope that you will be liberated from the psychological tumor, live calmly and confidently.

You should have confidence in our future.

求助：模具中文翻譯成英文，急！謝謝！

Zhang studied in this paper to die, the die is the main form as the point of failure. *** yzed as follows : Die Die, Die deep, cold extrusion die in a variety of working conditions, form and detail the reasons for the failure Die Die, drawing module, the main failure mode of cold extrusion die. -- Failure of the Die wear into the early stages of normal wear stage, rapid wear stage; Failure deep sub-scale adhesion wear and abrasive wear; The main form of cold extrusion punch failure to break, wear, upsetting, Vertical fracture and fatigue cracking; Cold extrusion die Expansion and wear mainly in the form of failure. In this paper, the failure to conduct a thorough *** ysis of the mold, a mold study materials, mold structure, mold manufacturing, Die working conditions and the use of life to safeguard the main factors affecting the mold, and make reasonable design dies Die correct choice of materials, processing and surface hardening Toughening die, Die Mold is to improve the rational use of the safeguard measures to improve the life of stamping die.

模具失效 Die Failure

模具壽命 Die Life

沖壓模具 Die

改善措施 Improvements

關(guān)于中文翻譯成英文問題

merleng 因為英語的發(fā)音有長恩音。

中文翻譯成英文!

1.Oulti ***

2.Seminary

3.Do I belong to my soul?

4.I am in despair of the world,I've just live without my soul for a long time.

或者

I am in despair of the world,my soul has been as dead as a dodo.(這個用法個人覺得比較經(jīng)典,特別和這個語境太絕配了.)

PS.純手工,不像有的人...

希望能幫到你.

1. Children fire the firecrackers together and say Happy New Year to friends in Spring Festival.

2. We can watch the Dragon Boat Race and eat rice dumplings in Dragon Boat Festival.

3. Family members eat lantern together in Lantern Festival. Children should wear sachet which was said that can be used to protect from evil spirits.

4. We can have a seat together to eat mooncakes, grapefruit and appreciate moon in Mid-Autumn Day.

April 30, 1997 was my birthday. This year 11 years old. I am long quite fat, but raises fat optimistic, moreover fat is also one kind of moral excellence, therefore I did not mind. I like gripping the horse's tail pigtail, but likes it gripping crookedly. I like the sky blue and the lavender. They match in is together is coordinated! I am one lively open and bright do not lose the mischievous little girl. Is the same with other girl, likes eating beeen-meal snack, likes raising the pet, I like the fine arts being very fond of the writing, the Chinese chess also am my adept unique skill. I like Bacon, his that sentence " the favorable circumstances moral excellence is controls, the adverse circumstance moral excellence is tenacious, the latter kind was a greater morality moral character “turned my motto!

Hindui *** is an important ponent of the Balinese culture and society, the propagation and the development of Hindui *** in Bali have created a different living custom in the Balinese society. The Balinese people's activities almost pletely revolve around Hindui *** . However, today’s religious culture also became an important factor to the development of the touri *** industry in Bali. One can say that the social status of Hindui *** in Balinese society cannot be swayed. By exploring the propagation and development of Hindui *** in Balinese society, and the impact of Hindui *** on the customs of Bali, this article further establishes the importance of Hindui *** in the Balinese society.

draw a tree 畫棵樹

visit my mother 看望媽媽

long jump 跳遠(yuǎn)

run 100 meter 跑100米

have a piic 去野餐

bring the ball 哪(帶)球

halp my younger brother 幫助弟弟

do my home work 做家庭作業(yè)

play with friends 和朋友玩

急求！?。_壓模具英文翻譯 要原文20000字符以上?。?/h2>

Progressive Die

Progressive die has the following advantages

1) Class into the module is multi-process dies, in a mold can include punching, bending, forming and drawing a variety of multi-pass process, with a higher than the compound die labor productivity, but also can produce quite complex stampings;

2) Progressive Die Operation Security, because staff do not have to enter the danger zone;

3) Class Progressive Die Design, The process can be distributed. Do not focus on one station , there is no Compound Dies "Minimum wall thickness" problem. Therefore relatively high mold strength, longer life expectancy.

4) Progressive Die Easy Automation That is easy to Automatic feeding ,Autoout of parts Automatic lamination;

5) Class Progressive die can be High-speed press production, because the workpiece can be directly down the drain and waste;

6) Use Class Progressive die can be Reduce the presses, semi-finished products to reduce transport. Workshop area and storage space can be greatly reduced.

Progressive Dies The disadvantage is that complex structure, manufacturing of high precision, long life cycle and high costs. Because of progressive die is a To the workpiece, the shape of successive out, each punch has a positioning error, is more difficult to maintain stability in the workpiece, the relative position of the one-off appearance. However, high precision parts, not all contours of all, the shape relative position requirements are high, you can be washed in the shape of the same station, on the relative position of demanding the same time, out of this part of the profile, thus ensuring precision parts.

First, process pieces of carry approach

Processes and the determination of nesting is of the progressive die design a very important link. In considering the processes and nesting, we must first consider the process method of carriage parts.

Bending parts there are two main ways to carry:

1) Blanking station in the upper and lower pressure, so that after blanking process pieces and re-pressed into the material inside. Generally only about access to material thickness of thel/3, but has enough to process pieces with the material sent to the next process, within the workpiece in the working procedure have all been pressed into the material inside the remnant. Beyond that, after process pieces are washed curved shape, until the last escape from the Strip. The drop in this way conveying pairs of thick material is very effective, because the thin material easy to bagging, wrinkles, or bent, thus blanking out the flat blank song, not with the advance of material and stops in a station caused the accident.

Simple blanking progressive die, sometimes in order to ensure that the workpiece is flat and has also taken off after the re-feed materials put pressure on people within the approach, in the latter process to workpiece pushed. Because blanking after being re-pressed into the workpiece can not be material in the thickness direction all entered the hole, so in the blanking die station after the plane, to the corresponding lower.

2) Rush to need to bend some of the surrounding material, the rest of the parts remain in the article (Volume)Materials, there is no separation. As the hub of to the material, You may need to spend a long Progress in distance delivery.

Second, the principle of work arrangements

1)Blanking the workpiece to avoid the use of complex shapes convex mode. Rather more than the increase a process to simplify the convex mode shapes.

2)"U"-shaped pieces can be divided into two out, as Figure7--76As shown in order to avoid material stretched, out of Workpiece dimensions vary.

Figure7--76 U shaped pieces of curved process

3)In the asymmetric bending, the workpiece slide easily can be shown in Figure7—77shown with teeth inserts were inserts into the bend Convex Mold and roof in order to prevent the workpiece sliding. The main disadvantage of this method is the a)After the procedure b)pre-process workpiece plane with prints. Also available on the heat treatment before Convex Mold and roof pre-perforated, after tryout after the sheet metal through the tryout will be two holes without sliding inlay Ping . If sliding is used tooth inserts.

Figure7--77 To prevent the sheet metal bending generated when sliding

1- Bending Convex Die 2- Cut off Convex Die 3- Roof 4- With teeth inserts

4) Bending or deep drawing of the workpiece, high-quality plastic surgery procedures should be added.

5) Waste, such as continuous, should increase the cutting process, using waste cutter cut. Automatic press itself, as some waste cutter, you do not have to die to consider.

6) Can be countersunk head hole punching. Figure7—78 shows the first hole punching of the workpiece . When clamping the punch die Xiaoping Tou both plane and concave hole stretch of artificial parts, and contact with each other in order to prevent inward deformation of holes. Clamping direction due to the strict size requirements, so the punch assembly when subject to a high degree of repair potential. Also can be used as shown in Figure 7-79 height adjustment body punch. The upper punch 3 face, contact with the slider 2. Slider right-hand side has opened a T-shaped slot to accommodate the screw 5 in the head. Rotating screw 5, then move along the slider 2. As the slider 2 and the mold base 4 in order to ramp contact with each other, while the punch 3 in the fixed plate is sliding in with l, consequent punch in the direction of the location of mold can be adjusted. Adjusted with the nut 6 fixed

.

Figure7--78 Stamp shen head hole

1—Convex Die 2- Die

Figure7--79 Punch height adjustment body

1- Fixed Plate 2-Slider 3- Punch 4- On the mold base 5- Screw

6- Nut

7) There are strict requirements of local relative position within the shape, should consider the possibility of the same station on the out, in order to maintain accuracy. If there are really difficult to be broken down into two working bits. Be better placed in two adjacent stations.

Third, the principle of stamping operations sequencing

1)For pure blanking progressive dies, in principle, the first ,punch, followed by re-punching shape I expected, the final and then washed down from the Strip on the integrity of the workpiece. Carrier should be maintained of material of sufficient strength, can be accurate when sent to press.

2)For the blanking bending progressive die should be washed before cut off part of the hole and bend the shape I expected, and then bending, and finally washed near the curved edge holes and the side hole-bit accuracy of the sidewall holes. Washed down by the final separation of parts.

3) Drawing for the progressive die stamping , first make arrangement to cut processes, further drawing, the final washed down from the article on the workpiece material.

4)For with the deep drawing, bending stamping parts, the first drawing, then I punched the surrounding material, followed by bending plus.

5)For stamping with a stamping parts, in order to facilitate the metal flow and reduce the stamping force, stamping parts of neighboring I expected to be an appropriate resection, and then arrange stamping. The final re -Precision Die-Cut materials .If there are holes on the embossing position, in principle, should be embossed after the punching.

6)For with the stamping, bending and stamping workpiece, in principle, is the first imprint ,And then punching Yu Liu, And then bending process.

Fourth, nesting layout

1) Nesting mapping, you can start with plane launch fig start, right designed to blanking station, left the design forming station. Step by step according to the actual situation after the amendment.

2) Consider increasing the intensity to be an empty station molds. Continuous drawing more frequently when the first drawing after being a backup space industry in order to increase the number of drawing. High precision, complex shape of the workpiece should be less to set an empty station. Step away from the mold is greater than 16mm When more than set up an empty station. Interval accuracy The poor should not be easily added an empty station.

3) Decided to process pieces of carry approach.

4) Note that material rolling direction. Rolling direction affects not only the economic effects of nesting, but also affect the performance of the workpiece.

5) Burr bending parts should be located in inside.

6) Thin material used Guide is being sold, But do not side edge trimming. For thick material or heavy section materials, in order to avoid guide is being sold off the need to side edge trimming.

7) According to the workpiece dimensions and the scale of production to determine a shape one pieces two documents or four parts, or more pieces.

8) Stamping process does not allow any scattered debris left on the die surface.

9) Residual material on the press to consider the possibility of other parts.

有關(guān)沖壓模的介紹 英文為主的 英文1W5千字符一上 最好有中文對照 有中文對照的追加積分

沖壓模具的形式很多，一般可按以下幾個主要特征分類：

1．根據(jù)工藝性質(zhì)分類

（1）沖裁模 沿封閉或敞開的輪廓線使材料產(chǎn)生分離的模具。如落料模、沖孔模、切斷模、切口模、切邊模、剖切模等。

（2）彎曲模 使板料毛坯或其他坯料沿著直線（彎曲線）產(chǎn)生彎曲變形，從而獲得一定角度和形狀的工件的模具。

（3）拉深模 是把板料毛坯制成開口空心件，或使空心件進(jìn)一步改變形狀和尺寸的模具。

（4）成形模 是將毛坯或半成品工件按圖凸、凹模的形狀直接復(fù)制成形，而材料本身僅產(chǎn)生局部塑性變形的模具。如脹形模、縮口模、擴口模、起伏成形模、翻邊模、整形模等。

2．根據(jù)工序組合程度分類

（1）單工序模 在壓力機的一次行程中，只完成一道沖壓工序的模具。

（2）復(fù)合模 只有一個工位，在壓力機的一次行程中，在同一工位上同時完成兩道或兩道以上沖壓工序的模具。

（3）級進(jìn)模（也稱連續(xù)模） 在毛坯的送進(jìn)方向上，具有兩個或更多的工位，在壓力機的一次行程中，在不同的工位上逐次完成兩道或兩道以上沖壓工序的模具。

3. 根據(jù)材料的變形特點分類

模具典型結(jié)構(gòu):

圖1.1.2 是一副帶導(dǎo)柱導(dǎo)套的單工序沖裁模。由上、下模兩部分構(gòu)成，上模由模柄5、上模座3、導(dǎo)套2、凸模10、墊板8、固定板7、卸料板14和螺釘、銷釘?shù)攘慵M成；下模由下模座17、導(dǎo)柱1、凹模11、導(dǎo)料板15、承料板18和螺釘、銷釘?shù)攘慵M成。上模通過模柄5被安裝在壓力機滑塊上，隨滑塊作上下往復(fù)運動，因此稱為活動部分。下模通過下模座被固定在壓力機工作臺上，所以又稱為固定部分。

通常模具是由二類零件組成:

一類是工藝零件，這類零件直接參與工藝過程的完成并和坯料有直接接觸，包括有工作零件、定位零件、卸料與壓料零件等；

一類是結(jié)構(gòu)零件，這類零件不直接參與完成工藝過程，也不和坯料有直接接觸，只對模具完成工藝過程起保證作用，或?qū)δ＞吖δ芷鹜晟谱饔?，包括有?dǎo)向零件、緊固零件、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件及其它零件等，如表1.1.3所示。應(yīng)該指出，不是所有的沖模都必須具備上述六種零件，尤其是單工序模，但是工作零件和必要的固定零件等是不可缺少的。

沖壓模 - 沖壓模的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展

根據(jù)考古發(fā)現(xiàn)，早在2000多年前，我國已有沖壓模被用于制造銅器，證明了中國古代沖壓成型和沖壓模方面的成就在世界領(lǐng)先。1953年，長春第一汽車制造廠在中國首次建立了沖模車間，該廠于1958年開始制造汽車覆蓋件模具。我國于20世紀(jì)60年代開始生產(chǎn)精沖模具。在走過了漫長的發(fā)展道路之后，目前我國已形成了300多億元（未包括港、澳、臺的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字，下同。）各類沖壓模的生產(chǎn)能力。

一、沖壓模市場情況

我國沖壓模無論在數(shù)量上，還是在質(zhì)量、技術(shù)和能力等方面都已有了很大發(fā)展，但與國民經(jīng)濟需求和世界先進(jìn)水平相比，差距仍很大，一些大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長壽命的高檔模具每年仍大量進(jìn)口，特別是中高檔轎車的覆蓋件模具，目前仍主要依靠進(jìn)口。一些低檔次的簡單沖模，已趨供過于求，市場競爭激烈。

據(jù)中國模具工業(yè)協(xié)會發(fā)布的統(tǒng)計材料，2004年我國沖壓模總產(chǎn)出約為220億元，其中出口0.75億美元，約合6.2億元。

根據(jù)我國海關(guān)統(tǒng)計資料，2004年我國共進(jìn)口沖壓模5.61億美元，約合46.6億元。從上述數(shù)字可以得出2004年我國沖壓模市場總規(guī)模約為266.6億元。其中國內(nèi)市場總需求為260.4億元，總供應(yīng)約為213.8億元，市場滿足率為82%。在上述供求總體情況中，有幾個具體情況必須說明：一是進(jìn)口模具大部分是技術(shù)含量高的大型精密模具，而出口模具大部分是技術(shù)含量較低的中低檔模具，因此技術(shù)含量高的中高檔模具市場滿足率低于沖壓模總體滿足率，這些模具的發(fā)展已滯后于沖壓件生產(chǎn)，而技術(shù)含量低的中低檔模具市場滿足率要高于沖壓模市場總體滿足率；二是由于我國的模具價格要比國際市場低格低許多，具有一定的競爭力，因此其在國際市場的前景看好，2005年沖壓模出口達(dá)到1.46億美元，比2004年增長94.7%就可說明這一點；三是近年來港資、臺資、外資企業(yè)在我國發(fā)展迅速，這些企業(yè)中大量的自產(chǎn)自用的沖壓模無確切的統(tǒng)計資料，因此未能計入上述數(shù)字之中。

二、沖壓模水平狀況

近年來，我國沖壓模水平已有很大提高。大型沖壓模已能生產(chǎn)單套重量達(dá)50多噸的模具。為中檔轎車配套的覆蓋件模具國內(nèi)也能生產(chǎn)了。精度達(dá)到1~2m，壽命2億次左右的多工位級進(jìn)模國內(nèi)已有多家企業(yè)能夠生產(chǎn)。表面粗糙度達(dá)到Ra≤1.5m的精沖模，大尺寸（≥300mm）精沖模及中厚板精沖模國內(nèi)也已達(dá)到相當(dāng)高的水平。

1、 模具CAD/CAM技術(shù)狀況

我國模具CAD/CAM技術(shù)的發(fā)展已有20多年歷史。由原華中工學(xué)院和武漢733廠于1984年共同完成的精沖模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)是我國第一個自行開發(fā)的模具CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)。由華中工學(xué)院和北京模具廠等于1986年共同完成的冷沖模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)是我國自行開發(fā)的第一個沖裁模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)。上海交通大學(xué)開發(fā)的冷沖模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)也于同年完成。20世紀(jì)90年代以來，國內(nèi)汽車行業(yè)的模具設(shè)計制造中開始采用CAD/CAM技術(shù)。國家科委863計劃將東風(fēng)汽車公司作為CIMS應(yīng)用示范工廠，由華中理工大學(xué)作為技術(shù)依托單位，開發(fā)的汽車車身與覆蓋件模具CAD/CAPP/CAM集成系統(tǒng)于1996年初通過鑒定。在此期間，一汽和成飛汽車模具中心引進(jìn)了工作站和CAD/CAM軟件系統(tǒng)，并在模具設(shè)計制造中實際應(yīng)用，取得了顯著效益。1997年一汽引進(jìn)了板料成型過程計算機模擬CAE軟件并開始用于生產(chǎn)。

21世紀(jì)開始CAD/CAM技術(shù)逐漸普及，現(xiàn)在具有一定生產(chǎn)能力的沖壓模企業(yè)基本都有了CAD/CAM技術(shù)。其中部分骨干重點企業(yè)還具備各CAE能力。

模具CAD/CAM技術(shù)能顯著縮短模具設(shè)計與制造周期，降低生產(chǎn)成本，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，已成為人們的共識。在“八五”、“九五”期間，已有一大批模具企業(yè)推廣普及了計算機繪圖技術(shù)，數(shù)控加工的使用率也越來越高，并陸續(xù)引進(jìn)了相當(dāng)數(shù)量的CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)。如美國EDS的UG，美國Parametric Technology公司的Pro/Engineer，美國CV公司的CADS5，英國DELCAM公司的DOCT5，日本HZS公司的CRADE及space-E，以色列公司的Cimatron，還引進(jìn)了AutoCAD、CATIA等軟件及法國Marta-Daravision公司用于汽車及覆蓋件模具的Euclid-IS等專用軟件。國內(nèi)汽車覆蓋件模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)普遍采用了CAD/CAM技術(shù)。DL圖的設(shè)計和模具結(jié)構(gòu)圖的設(shè)計均已實現(xiàn)二維CAD，多數(shù)企業(yè)已經(jīng)向三維過渡，總圖生產(chǎn)逐步代替零件圖生產(chǎn)。且模具的參數(shù)化設(shè)計也開始走向少數(shù)模具廠家技術(shù)開發(fā)的領(lǐng)域。

在沖壓成型CAE軟件方面，除了引進(jìn)的軟件外，華中科技大學(xué)、吉林大學(xué)、湖南大學(xué)等都已研發(fā)了較高水平的具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的軟件，并已在生產(chǎn)實踐中得到成功應(yīng)用，產(chǎn)生了良好的效益。

快速原型(RP)與傳統(tǒng)的快速經(jīng)濟模具相結(jié)合，快速制造大型汽車覆蓋件模具，解決了原來低熔點合金模具靠樣件澆鑄模具，模具精度低、制件精度低，樣件制作難等問題，實現(xiàn)了以三維CAD模型作為制模依據(jù)的快速模具制造，并且保證了制件的精度，為汽車行業(yè)新車型的開發(fā)、車身快速試制提供了覆蓋件制作的保證，它標(biāo)志著RPM應(yīng)用于汽車車身大型覆蓋件試制模具已取得了成功。

圍繞著汽車車身試制、大型覆蓋件模具的快速制造，近年來也涌現(xiàn)出一些新的快速成型方法，例如目前已開始在生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用的無模多點成型及激光沖擊和電磁成型等技術(shù)。它們都表現(xiàn)出了降低成本、提高效率等優(yōu)點。

2、模具設(shè)計與制造能力狀況

在國家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的正確引導(dǎo)下，經(jīng)過幾十年努力，現(xiàn)在我國沖壓模的設(shè)計與制造能力已達(dá)到較高水平，包括信息工程和虛擬技術(shù)等許多現(xiàn)代設(shè)計制造技術(shù)已在很多模具企業(yè)得到應(yīng)用。

雖然如此，我國的沖壓模設(shè)計制造能力與市場需要和國際先進(jìn)水平相比仍有較大差距。這些主要表現(xiàn)在高檔轎車和大中型汽車覆蓋件模具及高精度沖模方面，無論在設(shè)計還是加工工藝和能力方面，都有較大差距。轎車覆蓋件模具，具有設(shè)計和制造難度大，質(zhì)量和精度要求高的特點，可代表覆蓋件模具的水平。雖然在設(shè)計制造方法和手段方面已基本達(dá)到了國際水平，模具結(jié)構(gòu)功能方面也接近國際水平，在轎車模具國產(chǎn)化進(jìn)程中前進(jìn)了一大步，但在制造質(zhì)量、精度、制造周期等方面，與國外相比還存在一定的差距。

標(biāo)志沖模技術(shù)先進(jìn)水平的多工位級進(jìn)模和多功能模具，是我國重點發(fā)展的精密模具品種。有代表性的是集機電一體化的鐵芯精密自動閥片多功能模具，已基本達(dá)到國際水平。

但總體上和國外多工位級進(jìn)模相比，在制造精度、使用壽命、模具結(jié)構(gòu)和功能上，仍存在一定差距。

汽車覆蓋件模具制造技術(shù)正在不斷地提高和完善，高精度、高效益加工設(shè)備的使用越來越廣泛。高性能的五軸高速銑床和三軸的高速銑床的應(yīng)用已越來越多。NC、DNC技術(shù)的應(yīng)用越來越成熟，可以進(jìn)行傾角加工和超精加工。這些都提高了模具型面加工精度，提高了模具的質(zhì)量，縮短了模具的制造周期。

模具表面強化技術(shù)也得到廣泛應(yīng)用。工藝成熟、無污染、成本適中的離子滲氮技術(shù)越來越被認(rèn)可，碳化物被覆處理（TD處理）及許多鍍（涂）層技術(shù)在沖壓模上的應(yīng)用日益增多。真空處理技術(shù)、實型鑄造技術(shù)、刃口堆焊技術(shù)等日趨成熟。激光切割和激光焊接技術(shù)也得到了應(yīng)用。

3、專業(yè)化程度及分布狀況

我國模具行業(yè)專業(yè)化程度還比較低，模具自產(chǎn)自配比例過高。國外模具自產(chǎn)自配比例一般為30%，我國沖壓模自產(chǎn)自配比例為60%。這就對專業(yè)化產(chǎn)生了很多不利影響?，F(xiàn)在，技術(shù)要求高、投入大的模具，其專業(yè)化程度較高，例如覆蓋件模具、多工位級進(jìn)模和精沖模等。而一般沖模專業(yè)化程度就較低。由于自配比例高，所以沖壓模生產(chǎn)能力的分布基本上跟隨沖壓件生產(chǎn)能力的分布。但是專業(yè)化程度較高的汽車覆蓋件模具和多工位、多功能精密沖模的專業(yè)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的分布有不少并不跟隨沖壓件能力分布而分布，而往往取決于主要投資者的決策。例如四川有較大的汽車覆蓋件模具的能力，江蘇有較強的精密沖模的能力，而模具的用戶大都不在本地。

三、沖壓模的發(fā)展重點與展望

發(fā)展重點的選取應(yīng)根據(jù)市場需求、發(fā)展趨勢和目前狀況來確定?？砂串a(chǎn)品重點、技術(shù)重點和其他重點分別敘述。

1、 沖壓模產(chǎn)品發(fā)展重點

沖壓模共有7小類，并有一些按其服務(wù)對象來稱呼的一些種類。目前急需發(fā)展的是汽車覆蓋件模具，多功能、多工位級進(jìn)模和精沖模。這些模具現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)需矛盾大，發(fā)展前景好。

汽車覆蓋件模具中發(fā)展重點是技術(shù)要求高的中高檔轎車大中型覆蓋件模具，尤其是外覆蓋件模具。高強度板和不等厚板的沖壓模及大型多工位級進(jìn)模、連續(xù)模今后將會有較快的發(fā)展。

多功能、多工位級進(jìn)模中發(fā)展重點是高精度、高效率和大型、高壽命的級進(jìn)模。

精沖模中發(fā)展重點是厚板精沖模大型精沖模，并不斷提高其精度。

2、 沖壓模技術(shù)發(fā)展重點

模具技術(shù)未來發(fā)展趨勢主要是朝信息化、高速化生產(chǎn)與高精度化發(fā)展。因此從設(shè)計技術(shù)來說，發(fā)展重點在于大力推廣CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，并持續(xù)提高效率，特別是板材成型過程的計算機模擬分析技術(shù)。模具CAD、CAM技術(shù)應(yīng)向宜人化、集成化、智能化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化方向發(fā)展，并提高模具CAD、CAM系統(tǒng)專用化程度。

為了提高CAD、CAE、CAM技術(shù)的應(yīng)用水平，建立完整的模具資料庫及開發(fā)專家系統(tǒng)和提高軟件的實用性十分重要。從加工技術(shù)來說，發(fā)展重點在于高速加工和高精度加工。高速加工目前主要是發(fā)展高速銑削、高速研拋和高速電加工及快速制模技術(shù)。高精度加工目前主要是發(fā)展模具零件精度1m以下和表面粗糙度Ra≤0.1m的各種精密加工。提高模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度，搞好模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件生產(chǎn)供應(yīng)也是沖壓模技術(shù)發(fā)展重點之一。

為了提高沖壓模的壽命，模具表面的各種強化超硬處理等技術(shù)也是發(fā)展重點。

對于模具數(shù)字化制造、系統(tǒng)集成、逆向工程、快速原型/模具制造及計算機輔助應(yīng)用技術(shù)等方面形成全方位解決方案，提供模具開發(fā)與工程服務(wù)，全面提高企業(yè)水平和模具質(zhì)量，這更是沖壓模技術(shù)發(fā)展的重點。

3、 其他發(fā)展重點及展望

其他發(fā)展重點及展望的內(nèi)涵十分豐富，這里只就管理、專業(yè)化與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化及行業(yè)調(diào)整三個方面作一些分析。

企業(yè)管理是一個系統(tǒng)工程，是一門學(xué)問，是科學(xué)技術(shù)。與工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家模具企業(yè)相比，在某種意義上說，我們的管理落后更甚于技術(shù)落后。因此改進(jìn)管理十分重要，且任務(wù)繁重，目前模具企業(yè)的管理有許多形式，各有其適應(yīng)對象，但搞好信息化建設(shè)，逐步實現(xiàn)信息化管理已成為發(fā)展方向，行業(yè)也對此有共識。

4、當(dāng)前存在的問題

由于歷史和體制上的原因，我國模具專業(yè)化和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平一直很低，其中沖壓模的專業(yè)化比塑料模和壓鑄模更低。這在一定程度上妨礙了沖壓模的發(fā)展，根據(jù)國內(nèi)外模具專業(yè)化情況來看

1）模具生產(chǎn)獨立于其他產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)，專業(yè)生產(chǎn)模具外供；

2）按模具種類劃分，專門從事某一類模具（如沖壓模）生產(chǎn)；

3）在某一類模具中，按其服務(wù)對象或模具工藝及尺寸大小，選取該類模具中的某種模具（例如汽車覆蓋件模具、多工位級進(jìn)模具、精沖模具等等）進(jìn)行專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)；

4）專業(yè)生產(chǎn)模具中的某一些零件（如模架、沖頭、彈性元件等）供給模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)；

5）按工序開展專業(yè)化協(xié)作。例如目前社會上專門從事模具設(shè)計的公司、專門進(jìn)行型腔加工或電加工協(xié)作的企業(yè)、專門接受測量或熱處理委托業(yè)務(wù)的企業(yè)及專業(yè)從事拋光業(yè)務(wù)的企業(yè)等等，這種多層次的專業(yè)化促進(jìn)了模具行業(yè)的發(fā)展。但專業(yè)化的路途仍舊遙遠(yuǎn)，必須加快進(jìn)程才能適應(yīng)形勢。因此，這也是發(fā)展重點。

求外文翻譯

Abstract

Punching die has been widely used in industrial production.In the traditional industrial production,the worker work very hard,and there are too much work,so the efficiency is low.With the development of the science and technology nowadays,the use of punching die in the industial production gain more attention, and be used in the industrial production more and more.Self-acting feed technology of punching die is also used in production, punching die could increase the efficience of production and could alleviate the work burden，so it has significant meaning in technologic progress and economic value.

The article mainly discussed the classification,feature and the developmental direction of the pnnching technology. Elaborated the punching components formation principle, the basic dies structure and the rate process and the principle of design; and designed some conventional punching die:the die for big diameter three direction pipe which solved the problom of traditional machining,the drawing and punching compound die with float punch-matrix,the drawing and cutting compound dies with unaltered press,the compound die for the back bowl of the noise keeper,the design of the compound die which could produce two workpieces in one punching,the bending die for the ring shape part ,the bending die which used the gemel ,automate loading die for cutting, the drawing,punching and burring compound dies with sliding automated loading,the punching die for the long pipe with two row of hole,the drawing die for the square box shape workpiece and the burring die for the box shape workpiece.The punching dies that utilized the feature of the normal punch shaped the workpiece in the room temperature,and its efficiency and economic situation is excellent.

The dies here discussed can be easily made,conveniently used, and safely operated.And it could be used as the reference in the large scale production of similar workpieces.

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